Quantum Key Distribution: Evolution and Perspectives

The Q-Day, the day when quantum computers can break the encryption methods used today, is approaching. To protect against store-now-decrypt-later attacks, the transition to quantum-safe encryption must begin immediately. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an approach for secure key distribution in the post-quantum age. In contrast to post-quantum cryptography (PQC), which relies on hard-to-solve mathematical problems, QKD offers security based on the laws of quantum physics. QKD therefore offers true security. PQC and QKD are no competing approaches. Rather, they address different layers of the quantum-safe security stack: PQC provides a software-based solution for broad deployment, while QKD can harden the most critical links by providing physics-based key establishment.

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